Overall, our ratiometric analysis of impedance improved the classification accuracy of 41 subjects and reduced the error rate of classification from 29.32% to 5.86% (by a factor of 5).īiometric authentication relies on the individual unique biological characteristics (fingerprint, vein, iris, retina, face, etc.) of a person 1.

By calculating the ratio of impedances, the difference between individual subjects was amplified and the spectral patterns were diversified.

This study shows that the ratiometric features of the impedance of fingers in 10 different pairs using 5 electrodes at the fingertips can reduce the variation due to undesirable factors such as temperature and day-to-day physiological variations. In comparison to the traditional biometrics that relies on acquired images of structural information of physiological characteristics, our biological impedance approach not only eliminates any practical means of making fake copies of the relevant physiological traits but also provides reliable features of biometrics using the ratiometric impedance of fingers. We present a novel biometric authentication system enabled by ratiometric analysis of impedance of fingers.

Multisim 12 impedance meter